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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Please tweet the LAMIPISA message
</span><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">to all your networks
</span><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">and get email addresses if you can</span><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">. We want to participate in the development of
the continent, help us find a solution.</span><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#7030A0;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Subject: FW: LAMIPISA 2019 1ST CALL FOR PAPERS
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">To the reader and colleague,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Have you ever thought of yourself as a solution provider and not a perennial complainant<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Please kindly assist by circulating this information amongst the academics in your university, workplace or network.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Our opinion is that academics and practitioners across disciplines have a role to play in the development of your country and Africa by derivation Africa
as a continent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Consequently, we think that academics on the continent need a platform where brains can be put together, we honestly can’t be that “stupid.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Please assist by simply circulating to academics who may be interested in helping their countries, the Regional Economic Blocks and the continent, Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">We cannot continue with this continent like this as if we cannot not think out a solution to this problem, endowed with two thirds of the world’s natural
resources and yet the poorest – why?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Anyone with an idea, a thought and is interested is welcome – including you the reader.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">May we bring our minds together and change the economic crisis of Africa to economic success.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Looking forward to meeting you at the LAMIPISA 2019 CONFERENCE in Cape Town South Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sincerely yours<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">PLEASE
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#7030A0;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">PASS</span></b><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> TO THE RELEVANT AUTHORITIES;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#7030A0;background:lime;mso-highlight:lime;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Subject: LAMIPISA 2019 1ST CALL FOR PAPERS</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#7030A0;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;color:#1F497D;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">PLEASE PASS ON</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">THE LAMIPISA SEASON IS UPON US</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">We are gearing for the 6<sup>th</sup> LAMIPISA 2019 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE and we are convinced that much is still to be discussed about this continent.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">New tracks have been included as the world turns round, we are expected much more on the 4<sup>th</sup> Industrial Revolutions, the Meillenials and Poverty Eradication.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">As academics and practitioners, we want to assemble again and discuss, formulate and strategise for the convenience of the generations to come.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">No matter how much we reminisce on the past, that will never bring bread onto the table of our children yet to be born – we should look forward and not backwards.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">We are looking for people who can “quantifiably” suggest steps, strategies and other factors that may help us to go forward and eradicate the scourge of poverty.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Colleague – you are challenged and invited to come and contribute to the future of this ailing continent.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Housing 67% of the world’s natural resources yet has 230 million undernourished children – where do we go wrong.?</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">With 500 plus universities on the continent – most with engineering departments – yet our roads are constructed by the Chinese. RUN THROUGH THIS BELOW</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"">Africa is the second largest continent covering 6% of the earth’s surface and 20% of land on earth with 30.3 million km<sup>2</sup> with 1.2 billion people.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"">Africa accounts for 16% of the earth’s human population and has the earth’s youngest population with a median age of 19.7 years compared to the global age at 30.4 years.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"">The name of Africa is actually Italian [Afri] which meant land south of the Meditarrenean – or afar which is Phoenician meaning dust, ifri or ifran [plural Berber meaning cave [may be
cave dwellers] meaning the Africans never have a name originally theirs.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"">Africa is surrounded by oceans right around, among them will be the Mediterranean in the north, Indian ocean, and Atlantic on the west – yet no single waters are named after the continent
– second largest on earth.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">At the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Berlin
Conference</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> [884–85] Europeans distributed African amongst themselves without Africans or Absynians [old Bible name for Africa] and they divided
the continent to the countries we have now. They set up the political divisions of the continent, by spheres of interest, that exist in Africa today.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif"">60% of this continent is dryland and 40% is arable land with savannah and equatorial climates rich in fauna and flora yet Africa does not have enough food for the 1.2 billion people.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">The world’s widest range of wild animals [carnivores, herbivores, primates, aquatics] and the densest forests with the largest varieties of trees and plants
are found in Africa, but Africa imports tooth picks, ear buds, medicinal herbs from China.
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">The 60% of dry land on the continent largely semi-desert and with so much of sunlight and wind yet ¾ of the African population has no electricity – instead
they continue to cut down trees and cause desertification when there is inexhaustible electricity [energy] from the sun and the wind – Africa for you.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">5 million people have died since 1998 in the Congo conflict where the African countries are bystanders whilst carnage goes on. They did the same in the Rwanda
Hutu-Tutsi genocide, and one wanders what the African Union is for – this is Africa for you.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">The African Union [AU] has a parliament in Midrand in South Africa – but does anyone know any resolutions made to reduce the human carnage, chronic poverty
on the continent and siphoning of the continent’s raw materials by China – Africa for you.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Although it has abundant </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">natural
resources</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">, Africa remains the world's poorest and most </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">under-equipped</span></b></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> continent,
the result of ……</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">corrupt governments</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> that
have often committed serious </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations" title="Human rights violations"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">human rights violations</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
failed </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_planning" title="Central planning"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">central planning</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
high levels of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illiteracy" title="Illiteracy"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">illiteracy</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal and military conflict (ranging from </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">guerrilla
warfare</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> to </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">genocide</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">).[
Sandbrook, Richard (1985) <i>The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation</i>, Cambridge University Press. Passim
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">According to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">United
Nations</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">' Human Development Report in 2003, the bottom 24 ranked nations (151st to 175th) were all African. Sandbrook, Richard (1985) <i>The Politics
of Africa's Economic Stagnation</i>, Cambridge University Press. Passim. [ </span><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/"><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#663366;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Human
Development Reports – United Nations Development Programme"</span></i></a><i><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">. hdr.undp.org.]</span></i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">In August 2008, the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">World
Bank</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-97"><sup><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">[97]</span></sup></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> announced
revised global poverty estimates based on a new international poverty line of $1.25 per day (versus the previous measure of $1.00). 81% of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Sub-Saharan
Africa</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> population was living on less than $2.50 (PPP) per day in 2005, compared with 86% for India.Yet this continent has the youngest population,
the least densely populated, 67% of the world’s mineral resources]</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">The continent has 90% of the world's </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">cobalt</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
90% of its </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">platinum</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
50% of its </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">gold</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
98% of its </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">chromium</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
70% of its </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalite" title="Tantalite"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">tantalite</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-105"><sup><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">[105]</span></sup></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> 64%
of its </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">manganese</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> and
33% of the uranium, the DRC has 70% of the world's </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltan" title="Coltan"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">coltan</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">,
more than 30% of the world's </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">diamond</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> reserves.</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-107"><sup><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">[107]</span></sup></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Guinea</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> is
the world's largest exporter of </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">bauxite</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">.
Yet only 15% of the African population is formally employed – all the mineral resources are exported raw and the continent has the poorest people on earth.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">A Harvard University study led by professor </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calestous_Juma" title="Calestous Juma"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0B0080;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Calestous
Juma</span></a><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> showed that Africa could feed itself by making the transition from importer to self-sufficiency. "African agriculture is at the crossroads;
we have come to the end of a century of policies that favoured Africa's export of raw materials and importation of food. [Africa is importing chicken from China when there is more arable land in Africa per capita than anywhere else in the world. Americans
are exporting to chicken intestines because they not eat that – why Africa – why???????</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver">With all this – do you think [develop papers, present facts – we are looking for thinkers];<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver">Does the continent need foreign direct investors [FDI]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-margin-top-alt:6.0pt;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:36.0pt;text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2;background:white">
<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver">Can’t all the money sent out of the country simply be invested?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver">Can we not take all corrupted money into business start-up loans and manufacture?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<![if !supportLists]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">4.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#0070C0;background:silver;mso-highlight:silver">Can we continue to import tooth peaks / ear pads / paper clips – when the material is from African
</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow">If we put our heads together and focus on these – this situation can’t be too big for our brains put together.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#00B0F0;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">.</span></i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ol style="margin-top:0cm" start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Do you think we should continue with our life as if nothing is going on around?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Do you want us to make this the norm on the continent and pretend – all is well?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list:l2 level1 lfo5"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Can we honestly not manage / correct what we can and influence the future?</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ol>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">I am, one more time extending an invitation to those of you who think you can think out some solution – no matter how small.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">That little bit will go for generations to come – the solution is generational and cannot be attended to as a once off event.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;background:teal;mso-highlight:teal">I am looking forward to meeting you at the coming LAMIPISA 2019 in Cape Town.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red">Regards,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Dr. Larry E. Jowah</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Research Coordinator / LAMIPISA CONFERENCE CONVENOR / JOLMS Editor-in-chief</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Department of Management and Project Management</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Cape Town</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Phone number 0214604293</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Email –
</span></b><a href="mailto:jowahl@cput.ac.za"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">jowahl@cput.ac.za</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">;
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">PREVIOUS LAMIPISAS</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Highlights</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">PLEASE PASS THIS TO AS MANY FRIENDS, FAMILY AND FOE</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><u><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Google Prof Lumumba</span></u></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Did you know that 14 former French colonies on the continent pay colonial tax?</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#7030A0;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">The policy is simply;</span></b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#7030A0;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">
</span><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";background:aqua;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">FEEDING FRANCE WHILST BL<span style="color:#1F497D">E</span>EDING AFRICA</span></b><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Not
even the much spoken of AU chairperson has said anything about this.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">
</span><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Why not present a paper on this at the coming conference?</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Benin,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Burkina Faso,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="170" valign="top" style="width:127.6pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Guinea-Bissau,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Ivory Coast,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:106.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Mali,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Niger,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Senegal,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Togo,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Cameroon,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="170" valign="top" style="width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Central African Republic,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Chad,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Congo-Brazzaville,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Equatorial Guinea
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Gabon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">GOOGLE THIS</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">France’s Colonial Tax Still Enforced for Africa. “Bleeding Africa and Feeding France.” When Guinea demanded independence
from French colonial rule in 1958, the French unleashed their fury with more than 3,000 leaving the country taking their entire property. In addition, they destroyed anything that couldn’t be taken – destroying schools, nurseries, public administration buildings,
cars, books, medicine, research institute instruments, tractors were crushed and sabotaged, animals killed and food in warehouses were burned or poisoned. They were sending a message to all other colonies that the consequences for rejecting France would be
high. France continues to thrive on the practice, which extracts approximately US$500 billion dollars from African countries each year. French colonial tax still enforce for Africa; As of January 2014, 14 African countries are obliged by France, through a
colonial pact, to put 85% of their foreign reserve into France central bank under French minister of Finance control. They are effectively putting in US$500 billion dollars every year to the French treasury. African leaders who refuse are killed or victim
of coup. Those who obey are supported and rewarded by France with lavish lifestyle while their people endure extreme poverty, and desperation.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">“France is indebting and enslaving Africans by means of Africa’s own wealth; for
example: 12.0000 billion invested at three percent creates 360 billion in interests which France grants as credits to Africa at an interest rate of five to six percent or more. The allegory of ‘Bleeding Africa and Feeding France’ is no exaggeration, not alarmist,
and not revolutionary.”</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">You might know other things taking place somewhere – bring them to the
open.</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Let us Model Africa Out of Chronic Poverty</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Dr. Larry E. Jowah</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Research Coordinator / LAMIPISA CONFERENCE CONVENOR / JOLMS Editor-in-chief</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Department of Management and Project Management</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Cape Town</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Phone number
</span></b><a href="tel:021%20460%204293" target="_blank"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">0214604293</span></b></a><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">Email –
</span></b><a href="mailto:jowahl@cput.ac.za" target="_blank"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">jowahl@cput.ac.za</span></b></a><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA">;
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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