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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">PLEASE PASS ON</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:20.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">THE LAMIPISA SEASON IS UPON US<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We are gearing for the 6<sup>th</sup> LAMIPISA 2019 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE and we are convinced that much is still to be discussed
about this continent.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">New tracks have been included as the world turns round, we are expected much more on the 4<sup>th</sup> Industrial Revolutions,
the Meillenials and Poverty Eradication.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">As academics and practitioners, we want to assemble again and discuss, formulate and strategise for the convenience of the generations
to come.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">No matter how much we reminisce on the past, that will never bring bread onto the table of our children yet to be born – we should
look forward and not backwards.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">We are looking for people who can “quantifiably” suggest steps, strategies and other factors that may help us to go forward and
eradicate the scourge of poverty.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Colleague – you are challenged and invited to come and contribute to the future of this ailing continent.<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Housing 67% of the world’s natural resources yet has 230 million undernourished children – where do we go wrong.?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">With 500 plus universities on the continent – most with engineering departments – yet our roads are constructed by the Chinese.
RUN THROUGH THIS BELOW<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Africa is the second largest continent covering 6% of the earth’s surface and 20% of land on earth with 30.3 million km<sup>2</sup> with 1.2
billion people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Africa accounts for 16% of the earth’s human population and has the earth’s youngest population with a median age of 19.7 years compared to
the global age at 30.4 years.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">The name of Africa is actually Italian [Afri] which meant land south of the Meditarrenean – or afar which is Phoenician meaning dust, ifri
or ifran [plural Berber meaning cave [may be cave dwellers] meaning the Africans never have a name originally theirs.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Africa is surrounded by oceans right around, among them will be the Mediterranean in the north, Indian ocean, and Atlantic on the west – yet
no single waters are named after the continent – second largest on earth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">At the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference" title="Berlin Conference"><span style="color:#0B0080">Berlin Conference</span></a> [884–85] Europeans
distributed African amongst themselves without Africans or Absynians [old Bible name for Africa] and they divided the continent to the countries we have now. They set up the political divisions of the continent, by spheres of interest, that exist in Africa
today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:EN-US">60% of this continent is dryland and 40% is arable land with savannah and equatorial climates rich in fauna and flora yet Africa does not have
enough food for the 1.2 billion people.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">The world’s widest range of wild animals [carnivores, herbivores, primates, aquatics] and the densest forests with the largest varieties of trees and plants are found
in Africa, but Africa imports tooth picks, ear buds, medicinal herbs from China.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">The 60% of dry land on the continent largely semi-desert and with so much of sunlight and wind yet ¾ of the African population has no electricity – instead they continue
to cut down trees and cause desertification when there is inexhaustible electricity [energy] from the sun and the wind – Africa for you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">5 million people have died since 1998 in the Congo conflict where the African countries are bystanders whilst carnage goes on. They did the same in the Rwanda Hutu-Tutsi
genocide, and one wanders what the African Union is for – this is Africa for you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">The African Union [AU] has a parliament in Midrand in South Africa – but does anyone know any resolutions made to reduce the human carnage, chronic poverty on the
continent and siphoning of the continent’s raw materials by China – Africa for you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">Although it has abundant <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource"><span style="color:#0B0080">natural resources</span></a>,
Africa remains the world's poorest and most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index"><b><span style="color:#0B0080">under-equipped</span></b></a> continent, the result of ……<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index"><span style="color:#0B0080">corrupt
governments</span></a> that have often committed serious <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations" title="Human rights violations"><span style="color:#0B0080">human rights violations</span></a>, failed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_planning" title="Central planning"><span style="color:#0B0080">central
planning</span></a>, high levels of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illiteracy" title="Illiteracy"><span style="color:#0B0080">illiteracy</span></a>, lack of access to foreign capital, and frequent tribal and military conflict (ranging from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare"><span style="color:#0B0080">guerrilla
warfare</span></a> to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide"><span style="color:#0B0080">genocide</span></a>).[ Sandbrook, Richard (1985) <i>The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation</i>, Cambridge University Press. Passim
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">According to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><span style="color:#0B0080">United Nations</span></a>' Human Development
Report in 2003, the bottom 24 ranked nations (151st to 175th) were all African. Sandbrook, Richard (1985) <i>The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation</i>, Cambridge University Press. Passim. [ <i><a href="http://hdr.undp.org/"><span style="color:#663366">Human
Development Reports – United Nations Development Programme"</span></a>. hdr.undp.org.]</i><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">In August 2008, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank"><span style="color:#0B0080">World Bank</span></a><sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-97"><span style="color:#0B0080">[97]</span></a></sup> announced
revised global poverty estimates based on a new international poverty line of $1.25 per day (versus the previous measure of $1.00). 81% of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa"><span style="color:#0B0080">Sub-Saharan
Africa</span></a> population was living on less than $2.50 (PPP) per day in 2005, compared with 86% for India.Yet this continent has the youngest population, the least densely populated, 67% of the world’s mineral resources]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">The continent has 90% of the world's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt"><span style="color:#0B0080">cobalt</span></a>, 90% of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum"><span style="color:#0B0080">platinum</span></a>,
50% of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold" title="Gold"><span style="color:#0B0080">gold</span></a>, 98% of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium"><span style="color:#0B0080">chromium</span></a>, 70% of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantalite" title="Tantalite"><span style="color:#0B0080">tantalite</span></a>,<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-105"><span style="color:#0B0080">[105]</span></a></sup> 64%
of its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese"><span style="color:#0B0080">manganese</span></a> and 33% of the uranium, the DRC has 70% of the world's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltan" title="Coltan"><span style="color:#0B0080">coltan</span></a>,
more than 30% of the world's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond"><span style="color:#0B0080">diamond</span></a> reserves.<sup><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa#cite_note-107"><span style="color:#0B0080">[107]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea"><span style="color:#0B0080">Guinea</span></a> is
the world's largest exporter of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite"><span style="color:#0B0080">bauxite</span></a>. Yet only 15% of the African population is formally employed – all the mineral resources are exported raw and the
continent has the poorest people on earth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222">A Harvard University study led by professor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calestous_Juma" title="Calestous Juma"><span style="color:#0B0080">Calestous Juma</span></a> showed
that Africa could feed itself by making the transition from importer to self-sufficiency. "African agriculture is at the crossroads; we have come to the end of a century of policies that favoured Africa's export of raw materials and importation of food. [Africa
is importing chicken from China when there is more arable land in Africa per capita than anywhere else in the world. Americans are exporting to chicken intestines because they not eat that – why Africa – why???????<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#00B0F0;background:yellow;mso-highlight:yellow;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">If we put our heads together and focus on these – this situation can’t be too big for our brains put
together.</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#222222">.</span></i><span lang="EN" style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#222222"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Do you think we should continue with our life as if nothing is going on around?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Do you want us to make this the norm on the continent and pretend – all is well?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo2"><![if !supportLists]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">3.<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span></span><![endif]><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Can we honestly not manage / correct what we can and influence the future?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I am, one more time extending an invitation to those of you who think you can think out some solution – no matter how small.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">That little bit will go for generations to come – the solution is generational and cannot be attended to as a once off event.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I am looking forward to meeting you at the coming LAMIPISA 2019 in Cape Town.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dr. Larry E. Jowah<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Research Coordinator / LAMIPISA CONFERENCE CONVENOR / JOLMS Editor-in-chief<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Department of Management and Project Management<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cape Peninsula University of Technology<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Cape Town<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Phone number 0214604293<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Email –
<a href="mailto:jowahl@cput.ac.za"><span style="color:#0563C1">jowahl@cput.ac.za</span></a>;
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;color:#1F497D">PREVIOUS LAMIPISAS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;color:#1F497D">Highlights<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:20.0pt;color:red">PLEASE PASS THIS TO AS MANY FRIENDS, FAMILY AND FOE</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><u><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Arial Black","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Google Prof Lumumba</span></u></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt">Did you know that 14 former French colonies on the continent pay colonial tax?</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#7030A0">The policy is simply;</span></b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;color:#7030A0">
</span><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt;background:aqua">FEEDING FRANCE WHILST BL<span style="color:#1F497D">E</span>EDING AFRICA</span></b><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:red">Not even the much spoken of AU chairperson has said anything about this.</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D">
</span><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:red">Why not present a paper on this at the coming conference?</span></b><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Benin,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Burkina Faso,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="170" valign="top" style="width:127.6pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Guinea-Bissau,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.85pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Ivory Coast,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:106.3pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Mali,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Niger,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Senegal,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Togo,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="112" valign="top" style="width:84.05pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Cameroon,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="170" valign="top" style="width:127.6pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Central African Republic,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="94" valign="top" style="width:70.85pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Chad,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="142" valign="top" style="width:106.3pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Congo-Brazzaville,
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Equatorial Guinea
<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="123" valign="top" style="width:92.15pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">Gabon.<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="color:red">GOOGLE THIS</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">France’s Colonial Tax Still Enforced for Africa. “Bleeding Africa and Feeding France.” When Guinea demanded independence from French colonial rule in 1958, the French unleashed
their fury with more than 3,000 leaving the country taking their entire property. In addition, they destroyed anything that couldn’t be taken – destroying schools, nurseries, public administration buildings, cars, books, medicine, research institute instruments,
tractors were crushed and sabotaged, animals killed and food in warehouses were burned or poisoned. They were sending a message to all other colonies that the consequences for rejecting France would be high. France continues to thrive on the practice, which
extracts approximately US$500 billion dollars from African countries each year. French colonial tax still enforce for Africa; As of January 2014, 14 African countries are obliged by France, through a colonial pact, to put 85% of their foreign reserve into
France central bank under French minister of Finance control. They are effectively putting in US$500 billion dollars every year to the French treasury. African leaders who refuse are killed or victim of coup. Those who obey are supported and rewarded by France
with lavish lifestyle while their people endure extreme poverty, and desperation.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:16.0pt">“France is indebting and enslaving Africans by means of Africa’s own wealth; for example: 12.0000 billion invested at three percent creates 360
billion in interests which France grants as credits to Africa at an interest rate of five to six percent or more. The allegory of ‘Bleeding Africa and Feeding France’ is no exaggeration, not alarmist, and not revolutionary.”</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:red">You might know other things taking place somewhere – bring them to the open.</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:red">Let us Model Africa Out of Chronic Poverty</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Dr. Larry E. Jowah</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Research Coordinator / LAMIPISA CONFERENCE CONVENOR / JOLMS Editor-in-chief</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Department of Management and Project Management</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Cape Peninsula University of Technology</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Cape Town</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Phone number
<a href="tel:021%20460%204293" target="_blank">0214604293</a></span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US">Email –
<a href="mailto:jowahl@cput.ac.za" target="_blank"><span style="color:windowtext">jowahl@cput.ac.za</span></a>;
</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto">
<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
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