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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Dear All</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Compliments of the new season.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Thank you Ina for sharing the reports on African NRENS.</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0"><br>
</p>
<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Thank you also for the contributions from Dr Boubakar Barry and Meoli Kashorda</p>
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<p style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0">Best Wishes</p>
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<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ms Nodumo Dhlamini<br>
<b>Director - ICT Services & Knowledge Management</b><br>
Association of African Universities</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt">African Universities House<br>
</span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com <african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Meoli Kashorda <mkashorda@kenet.or.ke><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 04 January 2018 14:38<br>
<b>To:</b> Boubakar Barry; Ina Smith<br>
<b>Cc:</b> african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: African NRENs</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Dear Boubakar, </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Your work of 10 years ago is finally getting into AAU / AU policy briefs. Congratulations. We must not stop influencing policy for the good of future of African NRENs. For example, we must influence African governments to finance NRENs
without making them government parastatals. They must be recognized as part of the national innovation system. TENET in SA is partly financed by the South African government and yet it is not a governmental organization.
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Lishan Adam has studied NRENs in detail and was even a reviewer of Africonnect1 project. I will certainly use the brief to communicate with the Kenya government.
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Thanks</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal">Meoli</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black">From: </span>
</b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black"><boubakarbarry@gmail.com> on behalf of Boubakar Barry <Boubakar.Barry@wacren.net><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, January 4, 2018 at 12:50 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>Ina Smith <Ina@assaf.org.za><br>
<b>Cc: </b>Meoli Kashorda <mkashorda@kenet.or.ke>, "african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com" <african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: African NRENs</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Happy New Year All,</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">If I may: Nodumo commissioned the writing of the policy brief as an update of a policy brief I commissioned in 2007 when I was Coordinator of the REN Unit (RENU) at the AAU. It was funded by IDRC.</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">The author is Lishan Adam, who is well known in the African REN community.</p>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Best wishes,</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">Boubakar</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">On Thu, Jan 4, 2018 at 9:12 AM, Ina Smith <<a href="mailto:Ina@assaf.org.za" target="_blank">Ina@assaf.org.za</a>> wrote:</p>
<blockquote style="border:none; border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt; padding:0in 0in 0in 6.0pt; margin-left:4.8pt; margin-right:0in">
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Dear Meoli</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Thank you for sharing KENETs plans, and also those of the European/North American countries. It is so important to monitor, and identify how we can make
all work in Africa, and the African NRENs important stakeholders to work on an African Infrastructure Framework to provide some guidance.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Re the Policy Brief for Stakeholders: It was shared via our AAU colleagues,
<a href="mailto:ndhlamini@aau.org" target="_blank">Nodumo Dhlamini</a> (AAU Director ICT Services & Knowledge Management), which also approved that it can be shared for the benefit of all. She will be in the best position to respond. I agree that is indeed
interesting and valuable reading, having a better understanding of what is happening on the continent.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">With kind regards</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Ina</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
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<div style="border:none; border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt; padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b>From:</b> Meoli Kashorda [mailto:<a href="mailto:mkashorda@kenet.or.ke" target="_blank">mkashorda@kenet.or.ke</a>]
<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Tuesday, January 2, 2018 3:38 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Ina Smith <<a href="mailto:Ina@assaf.org.za" target="_blank">Ina@assaf.org.za</a>>;
<a href="mailto:african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com" target="_blank">african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: African NRENs</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">Dear Ina,</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">Who is the author of the Policy Brief for Stakeholders on African NRENs?
<a href="http://africanopenscience.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AAU-Riding-the-NREN-Train-final-draft-.pdf" target="_blank">
Riding the National Research and Education Networking Train in Africa: A Policy Brief for Stakeholders</a>/Association of African Universities. When was it prepared? It is interesting reading.
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">KENET aims to be in Level 6 while being the primary provider of Internet bandwidth to member institutions for sustainability. We openly discourage purchase of commodity Internet from commercial providers because it weakens us.
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">By the way, in Europe and North America, NRENs are already moving out of community cloud services (SaaS or PaaS) because of lack of scale. NRENs then simply provide high-speed specialized connectivity + access to commodity Internet
+ peering. The research or educational technology value-added services are all FREE and funded through research grants.
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">Thanks</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="">Meoli</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
<div style="border:none; border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt; padding:3.0pt 0in 0in 0in">
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black">From:
</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt; color:black"><<a href="mailto:african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com" target="_blank">african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com</a>> on behalf of Ina Smith <<a href="mailto:Ina@assaf.org.za" target="_blank">Ina@assaf.org.za</a>><br>
<b>Date: </b>Tuesday, January 2, 2018 at 4:18 PM<br>
<b>To: </b>"<a href="mailto:african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com" target="_blank">african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com</a>" <<a href="mailto:african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com" target="_blank">african-open-science-platform@googlegroups.com</a>><br>
<b>Subject: </b>African NRENs</span></p>
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<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""> </p>
</div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"">During the past
<a href="https://events.ubuntunet.net/indico/event/10/overview" target="_blank">UbuntuNet Connect 2018 conference</a>, it was clear that more and more NRENs are becoming geared to host Software as a Service (SaaS) or Platform as a Service (PaaS). This can be
services such as identity management, data management, cloud services, security certificates, repositories, and more. See the
<a href="https://www.africaconnect2.net/Partners/African_NRENs/Pages/Home.aspx" target="_blank">
List of African NREN Partners</a> to find the NREN in your country, and to inquire about services offered.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"">NRENs can and in some instances already play an important role in making open science and the sharing of research data (incl. Big Data) a success.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""><a href="https://repository.ubuntunet.net/bitstream/handle/10.20374/69/NREN_Capability_Maturity_Model.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y" target="_blank">An NREN Capability
Maturity Model</a>/Duncan Greaves</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"">Level 6 (Elaborated service offering)</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> marks a fully mature NREN of the kind that characterises
Europe, North America and comparable contexts. The NREN is richly connected at high speed to many other networks and resources. Numerous value-added services are available, such as grid and cloud computing resources, user-controlled lightpaths, videoconferencing,
and federated identity services. The NREN’s value proposition lies primarily in these services, since bandwidth pricing in such contexts is transparently cost-related. Many institutions will purchase commodity bandwidth from a commercial provider in addition
to NREN-specific bandwidth. A culture of collaboration is deeply established. </span>
</p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"">Levels of African NRENs</span></b><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> according to the following studies:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""><a href="http://africanopenscience.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/WB-Report-Role-and-Status-NRENs-Africa.compressed.pdf" target="_blank">The Role and Status of National
Research and Education Networks (NRENs) in Africa</a>/Michael Foley (World Bank Study)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""><a href="http://africanopenscience.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AAU-Riding-the-NREN-Train-final-draft-.pdf" target="_blank">Riding the National Research and Education
Networking Train in Africa: A Policy Brief for Stakeholders</a>/Association of African Universities</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"">More reading:</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""><a href="https://www.africaconnect2.net/Partners/African_NRENs/Pages/Home.aspx" target="_blank">List of African NREN Partners</a></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""><a href="http://edutechdebate.org/research-and-education-networks/" target="_blank">Educational Technology Debate: Exploring ICT and Learning in Developing Countries</a></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic""> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><b><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Ina Smith</span></b></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal" style=""><span lang="EN-ZA" style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Century Gothic"; color:#1F497D">Project Manager:
<a href="http://africanopenscience.org.za/" target="_blank">African Open Science Platform</a>
<br>
SciELO Planning Manager</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">CEO/Directeur Général, WACREN</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">***Keep it simple, as simple as possible, but not simpler. (A. Einstein)***</p>
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