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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>Article processing charges (APCs) and subscriptions (JISC)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/apcs-and-subscriptions">https://www.jisc.ac.uk/reports/apcs-and-subscriptions</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><h2 style='background:white;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#2C3841;font-weight:normal'>Executive summary<o:p></o:p></span></h2><ul style='margin-top:0in;margin:2.7rem;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;max-width: 90%' type=disc><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>The number of article processing charges (<span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span>) paid doubled between 2013 and 2014. Growth remained strong in 2015, but slowed in part due to limited room for growth in institutions’ internal budgets<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>The average<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APC</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>has increased by 6% over the past two years, a rise well above the cost of inflation<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>Publishers’<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APC</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>costs are converging to a more uniform price range, although they still vary widely. Journals with low<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>are raising their prices, perhaps to avoid being perceived as low quality following expectations set by the<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.researchinfonet.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Finch-Group-report-FINAL-VERSION.pdf"><span style='color:#00557F'>Finch report</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span class=lexicon-term><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APC</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>expenditure is unevenly distributed between publishers, with the lion’s share of income distributed among a handful of major publishers<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><a href="https://www.elsevier.com/"><span style='color:#00557F'>Elsevier</span></a>, the one major publisher with no offset deal in place, has seen high growth. This shows that there is currently no penalty for publishers who reject offsetting deals<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>It is difficult to assess the true cost of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>paid for through offset and voucher schemes and these are often recorded at £0. Jisc plans to work closely with funders, institutions, and publishers to ensure that these costs are accurately recorded in the future<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span class=lexicon-term><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>are increasingly moving towards high-end imprints such as<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.nature.com/index.html"><span style='color:#00557F'>Nature</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>and<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="http://www.cell.com/"><span style='color:#00557F'>Cell</span></a><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>or fully open access publishers such as<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><a href="https://www.plos.org/"><span style='color:#00557F'>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>The majority of<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>are paid to hybrid journals, and hybrid<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APC</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>pricing is higher on average than full open access (OA) journals’. However, the average<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APC</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>of OA journals is rising more quickly than that of fully hybrid journals. This is partly due to increases in average<span class=apple-converted-space> </span><span class=lexicon-term><span style='border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space> </span>for certain popular open access journals, and partly to shifts towards expensive full OA journals<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>The most common licence is CC BY<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>Subscription expenditure is taking up an increased proportion of libraries’ budgets<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>The estimated journal subscription expenditure for 2014 is £180m<o:p></o:p></span></li><li class=MsoNormal style='color:#2C3841;line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;vertical-align:baseline;font-weight:inherit;font-style:inherit;line-height:2.7rem;background-position-x:20px;background-position-y:10px;overflow:hidden'><span class=lexicon-term><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;border:none windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in'>APCs</span></span><span class=apple-converted-space><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> </span></span><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'>make up 12% of institutions’ total expenditure on journals<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Ina Smith</span></b><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>SciELO Planning Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://orcid.org/"><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#338CAF;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=16 height=16 style='width:.1666in;height:.1666in' id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image001.gif@01D1E8DF.2D2CB230" alt="http://orcid.org/sites/default/files/images/orcid_16x16(1).gif"></span></a><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'> <a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-3668"><span style='color:blue'>http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9710-3668 </span></a></span><u><span style='color:blue'><o:p></o:p></span></u></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>LIASA Exco Convener ICT Development (2014-2016)<br>LIASA HELIG Chair (2014-2016)</span><span style='color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Switchboard: +27 12 349 6600 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Tel: +27 12 349 6641 <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Fax: +27 (0) 86 576 9512<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Email: </span><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><a href="mailto:ina@assaf.org.za"><span style='color:#0563C1;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>ina@assaf.org.za</span></a></span><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:#1F497D'><img border=0 width=565 height=87 style='width:5.8854in;height:.9062in' id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image002.jpg@01D1E8DF.2D2CB230" alt="20 years signature"></span><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>1st Floor Block A, The Woods, 41 De Havilland Crescent, Persequor Park <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Meiring Naudé Road, Lynnwood 0020, Pretoria, South Africa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>PO Box 72135, Lynnwood Ridge 0040, Pretoria, South Africa. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>Website: </span><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif'><a href="http://www.assaf.org.za/"><span style='color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'>www.assaf.org.za</span></a></span><i><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'> </span></i><span lang=EN-ZA style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Century Gothic",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-ZA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> 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